Moisture and relative humidity are two interrelated terms, but different in meaning, moisture is the amount of water vapor in the air, and can be expressed in different ways, there is absolute moisture, which is the mass of water vapor for each size of the air (gram/cubic meter), and there is a specific moisture, which is the mass of water vapor for each mass of wet air (grams/kilogram), and both give an idea of the amount of water in the air, regardless About temperature.
As for relative humidity, it is the percentage of water vapor currently present in the air to the maximum amount that can be carried, and if the relative moisture is 100%, this means that the air is completely saturated, and any additional cooling will lead to the condensation of water (fog, dew, or rain)- as the Almighty said, “And the example of those who spend their money Excuse the illness of God and fixed themselves as a paradise with a rabbit that afflicts it and wounded, and she came to eat it, so it is not, and it is not. With what you do with vision, “265 – Al -Baqarah.
The relative humidity depends greatly on the temperature; Warm air can carry a greater amount of water vapor compared to cold air.
How much humidity in the atmosphere?
The percentage of moisture in the atmosphere is not fixed, because it depends on the place, the height, and the temperature, the average water vapor in the air constitutes approximately 0.25% of the atmosphere block as a global rate, but the volumetric ratio (in terms of size or mall) ranges between less than 0.1% in the cold and dry areas (the poles) up to 4% in the hot and wet tropical areas, and about 99% of the water vapor is present at the first 5 km from the atmosphere (troposphere), because it is close to the sources of evaporation (oceans and seas), and the higher we rise, the lower moisture very quickly, and in the strategies and above, the moisture is almost non -existent.
As for the relative moisture in the atmosphere near the surface of the earth, it can range from 0% (dry desert air) to 100% (saturated air) that leads to condensation, and therefore it can be said that the atmosphere contains an average of 0.25% water vapor in the mass, but this percentage can change from less than 0.1% in the dry cold areas to about 4% in the hot hot areas, and most of this steam exists. In the low layers of the air.
What is the effect of moisture on the weather?
The effect of moisture on the weather is large and clear, because it controls the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, and this steam is one of the most important elements of the weather, and the most important effects are:
1. Feeling of temperature:
In hot atmosphere, the high relative humidity reduces sweat evaporation from the skin, so a person feels higher than the actual “phenomenon” of the heat coefficient, apparent heat, or heat index; High moisture makes hot weather look more hot than it is actually, and this happens because sweat does not evaporate from the skin easily in the air saturated with moisture, which reduces the body’s ability to cool itself. So, the weather in which the temperature is 35 ° C with high humidity may appear to be 45 m. In cold climates, high humidity makes air more severe on the body because moisture promotes heat loss in cold winds, that is, reduce winds.
2. Fog, dew and frost formation:
When the relative moisture reaches 100%, the air cools, the water vapor condenses to form dew, fog or low clouds, and in the severe cold, water vapor condenses directly as snowbags (frost).
3. The clouds and precipitation are formed:
If the humidity is high, it provides the steam needed to form clouds, and when the warm air (the water of the water) rises to the upper atmosphere, it cools, and it intensifies into drops of water or snow crystals, which leads to the formation of clouds, and when these drops become very heavy, they fall into the form of rain, snow or cold.
4. Heavy rains and rains:
In tropical areas, high humidity with heat leads to great potential energy, and this increases the possibility of thunderstorms and hurricanes.
5. Air quality:
In high humidity, polluted particles remain stuck in the air longer, which may increase air pollution, while in very low humidity, it leads to dry skin, mucous membranes and increased dust.
6. Extreme weather phenomena:
When moisture is severe, it is an important source of underlying energy that feeds thunderstorms and hurricanes; The more moisture, the more the energy available to form these strong weather phenomena.
7. The bathroom:
Moisture is an essential part of the toilet, and evaporation transports water vapor to the atmosphere, where it condenses and forms clouds, then returns to the ground in the form of rain or snow, and this cycle is necessary for life on the ground.
– Why is Bahrain’s atmosphere wet?
Bahrain’s atmosphere is wet for several natural and climatic reasons related to its geographical location and the characteristics of the surrounding environment, and the reasons are limited to the following:
1. Carrying out water from three sides:
Bahrain is a islands in the Persian Gulf, and the surrounding water is the main source of water vapor. Also, high solar radiation makes high sunlight accelerate the evaporation process from the surface of the sea, which increases moisture in the air over the islands.
2. The waters of the Arabian Gulf waters:
The Arabian Gulf is relatively shallow, which means that its water heats up quickly in the summer and remains relatively warm in the winter, and this leads to constant evaporation and high quantities of water vapor in the air throughout the year. For information, the Arabian Gulf is the most hot globally, as its temperature reaches approximately 33 m.
3. Lack of dry cold winds:
Most of the winds that reach Bahrain in a summer come from the direction of the sea or from wet areas near, not dry continental winds, and this raises moisture.
4. The small area and near each point in the coast:
Any place in Bahrain is very close to the sea (maximum after the coast is less than 5-10 km), so the wet air coming from the sea affects all areas.
5. High heat effect:
In the summer, high temperatures make the air able to carry more water vapor. If the source (the sea) is soon, the relative humidity rises.
6. The effect of the decrease in air pressure differences:
The decrease in the air pressure difference between India and the Arabian Peninsula, as well as the decrease in the air pressure difference between Europe and the Empty Quarter (semi -Arabia), and this leads to a decrease in winds that dissipate moisture, and this summer did not last yesterday’s winds a few days instead of previously remaining 40 to 50 days.
