The molecular genetics specialist at the Center for Medical Book, Dr. Hoda Omran said that with the age of age, many gender changes occur, and the possibility of many chronic diseases increases, such as high blood pressure and heart disease.
She explained that the emergence and intensity of these diseases differ according to the genetic and biological formation of the human being, as well as the different lifestyle and the pressures he faced in his long life, and among the most prominent diseases that accompany the ears, and are still the focus of research and study is dementia.
She added that dementia causes cognitive disorder and gradual deterioration in thinking, memory and the ability to social media, which greatly affects the elderly life daily. According to the World Health Organization, dementia affects about 10% of people over the age of 65 years around the world. With estimates indicating that there are more than three million cases in the Arab world. The causes of dementia, such as Alzheimer’s disease, vascular problems, and degenerative nervous disorders, are often affected by the environment, lifestyle and heredity.
She emphasized that genetic factors play an important role in increasing the risk of various types of dementia. Alzheimer’s disease, which is the most common, has many genetic causes. The genetic mutations inherited in genes such as APP, PSEN1 and PSen2 can increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and at an early age.
She pointed out that recent research highlighted the existence of an important genetic link related to mutations in the HFE gene, linked to iron metabolism. Variables such as C282Y and H63D may lead to changes in iron metabolism and accumulation, causing brain changes and cognitive deterioration among those who hold these mutations, as a study published in Neurology showed that men who carry two copies of the H63D variable face an increase in the risk of dementia that exceeds weakness compared to those who do not carry this variable. This relationship was not observed in women. Other studies have also shown that signs of brain weakness may be discovered nine years before a full diagnosis of dementia, which can provide greater opportunities for early intervention.
She said that the diagnosis of dementia usually includes comprehensive cognitive reviews, nervous tests, and graphic studies such as magnetic resonance or CT scan to determine the changes in the brain. It is also recommended to conduct genetic tests for individuals with a family history of dementia or related cases.
She concluded that understanding genetic risks and making a lifestyle adjustment can help delay the appearance or progress of dementia symptoms, indicating that preventive measures include maintaining a healthy lifestyle, by exercising regularly, following a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, and practicing cognitive activities such as solving puzzles or learning new skills. In addition, attention to cardiovascular health can contribute, maintain blood pressure, and avoid smoking and alcohol in reducing the risk of dementia.
