With the impact of the distinguished Bahrain site, its climate was classified within the warm desert climate, which is very heat, as Al -Humairi described it by saying: “For the excessive recession, and that the animals holes fall into it if they are intensified” in addition to the high humidity in the summer, while the winter is warm with few rain and irregular.
Due to the expansion of the Bahrain region, its terrain varied between coastal plains extending on the banks of the Arabian Gulf, plateaus and internal sand dunes, agricultural oases, valleys and deserts that extend in the northern and western sides. Despite the presence of groundwater, the intensity of heat and lack of rain formed an economic challenge for the population.
The continental climate and the diversity of terrain contributed to enriching and diverse on economic activities; From fishing and diving profession to extract pearls in the coast, to agriculture in oases, internal trade, external maritime navigation, as well as some traditional industries and market spread. Natural pastures also provided an appropriate environment for camels, and the climate created appropriate conditions for planting crops that need high heat such as dates, which were the main food of the population of the region, in addition to wheat and barley, and these conditions also contributed to creating appropriate marine fishing seasons, supported by the presence of groundwater sources that helped continuing agricultural activity and animal breeding.
This diversity was not without challenges, although the climate difficulties and the diversity of terrain provided the elements of this economic diversity, at the same time imposed challenges on the population, which led them to invest these characteristics in distinguished activities, most notably the role of the trade mediator between East and West, and attracting merchants to market Bahraini pearls. They also created multiple methods to overcome the lack of water and the intensity of heat, which included ways to preserve water, rationalize its consumption and good investment in agriculture, especially in the oases.
Today, understanding the nature of the climate and terrain in Bahrain is the basis for modern environmental and economic planning, as the natural characteristics can be invested to support sustainable development and enhance the green economy. High heat and the abundance of sunlight are an opportunity for solar energy projects, and coastal soil is subject to development for sustainable agriculture with modern irrigation technologies, and beaches and marine resources can be exploited in tourist activities and friendly industries The environment, in a way that links the historical heritage of Bahrain with its contemporary vision towards a diversified and sustainable economy.
