Arrazola, J. M. et al. Quantum circuits with many photons on a programmable nanophotonic chip. Nature 591, 54–60 (2021).
Google Scholar
Mohanty, A. et al. Reconfigurable nanophotonic silicon probes for sub-millisecond deep-brain optical stimulation. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 4, 223–231 (2020).
Google Scholar
Shastri, B. J. et al. Photonics for artificial intelligence and neuromorphic computing. Nat. Photon. 15, 102–114 (2021).
Google Scholar
Khial, P. P. et al. Nanophotonic optical gyroscope with reciprocal sensitivity enhancement. Nat. Photon. 12, 671–675 (2018).
Google Scholar
Rickman, A. The commercialization of silicon photonics. Nat. Photon. 8, 579–582 (2014).
Google Scholar
Spencer, D. T. et al. An optical-frequency synthesizer using integrated photonics. Nature 557, 81–85 (2018).
Google Scholar
Nagarajan, R. et al. 2.5D heterogeneous integration for silicon photonics engines in optical transceivers. IEEE J. Selec. Top. Quant. Electron. 29, 8200209 (2023).
Google Scholar
Bian, Y. et al. 3D integrated laser attach technology on a 300-mm monolithic CMOS silicon photonics platform. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Electron. 29, 8200519 (2023).
Marinins, A. et al. Wafer-scale hybrid integration of InP DFB lasers on Si photonics by flip-chip bonding with sub-300 nm alignment precision. IEEE J. Selec. Top. Quant. Electron. 29, 8200311 (2023).
Google Scholar
Ramirez, J. M. et al. III-V-on-silicon integration: from hybrid devices to heterogeneous photonic integrated circuits. IEEE J. Selec. Top. Quant. Electron. 26, 6100213 (2020).
Google Scholar
Fujii, T. et al. Multiwavelength membrane laser array using selective area growth on directly bonded InP on SiO2/Si. Optica 7, 838–846 (2020).
Google Scholar
Xiang, C. et al. Narrow-linewidth III-V/Si/Si3N4 laser using multilayer heterogeneous integration. Optica 7, 20–21 (2020).
Google Scholar
Margalit, N. et al. Perspective on the future of silicon photonics and electronics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 220501 (2021).
Google Scholar
Zhang, W. et al. Silicon photonic integrated optoelectronic oscillator for frequency-tunable microwave generation. J. Lightwav. Technol. 36, 4655–4663 (2018).
Google Scholar
Wang, J. et al. Multidimensional quantum entanglement with large-scale integrated optics. Science 360, 285–291 (2018).
Google Scholar
Fotiadis, K. et al. Silicon photonic 16 x 16 cyclic AWGR for DWDM O-band interconnects. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 32, 1233–1236 (2020).
Google Scholar
Khani, M. et al. SiP-ML: high-bandwidth optical network interconnects for machine learning training. In Proc. ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication Conference 657–675 (ACM, 2021).
Coomans, W. et al. XG-fast: the 5th generation broadband. IEEE Commun. Mag. 53, 83–88 (2015).
Google Scholar
Driscoll, J. B., Perea, P., Kauffman, A., Zilkie, A. J. & Ver Steeg, B. Pioneering silicon photonics for wearable sensors. In Proc. Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC) 2023 Th1A.6 1–3 (Optica Publishing Group, 2023).
De Dobbelaere, P. et al. Packaging of silicon photonics systems. In Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) 2014 W3I.2 1–3 (Optica Publishing Group, 2014).
Roelkens, G. et al. Present and future of micro-transfer printing for heterogeneous photonic integrated circuits. APL Photon. 9, 010901 (2024).
Google Scholar
Intel. Intel Labs announces integrated photonics research advancement. Intel Newsroom https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/news/intel-labs-announces-integrated-photonics-research-advancement.html (2022).
Tower Semiconductor. Tower Semiconductor announces World’s first heterogeneous integration of quantum dot lasers on its popular SiPho foundry platform PH18. Press Releases https://towersemi.com/2023/03/02/03022023/ (2023).
Shi, B. et al. MOCVD grown low dislocation density GaAs-on-V-groove patterned (001) Si for 1.3 μm quantum dot laser applications. Appl. Phys. Lett. 114, 172102 (2019).
Google Scholar
Chen, S. et al. Electrically pumped continuous-wave III–V quantum dot lasers on silicon. Nat. Photon. 10, 307–311 (2016).
Google Scholar
Wan, Y. et al. InAs/GaAs quantum dots on GaAs-on-V-grooved-Si substrate with high optical quality in the 1.3 μm band. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 081106 (2015).
Google Scholar
Liu, A. Y. et al. Reliability of InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers epitaxially grown on silicon. IEEE J. Selec. Top. Quant. Electron. 21, 690–697 (2015).
Google Scholar
Shang, C. et al. High-temperature reliable quantum-dot lasers on Si with misfit and threading dislocation filters. Optica 8, 749–754 (2021).
Google Scholar
Shang, C. et al. Electrically pumped quantum-dot lasers grown on 300 mm patterned Si photonic wafers. Light: Sci. Appl. 11, 299 (2022).
Google Scholar
Wei, W.-Q. et al. Monolithic integration of embedded III-V lasers on SOI. Light Sci. Appl. 12, 84 (2023).
Google Scholar
Fiorenza, J. G. et al. Aspect ratio trapping: a unique technology for integrating Ge and III-Vs with silicon CMOS. ECS Trans. 33, 963 (2010).
Google Scholar
Li, J. Z. et al. Defect reduction of GaAs epitaxy on Si (001) using selective aspect ratio trapping. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 021114 (2007).
Google Scholar
Waldron, N. et al. Integration of InGaAs channel n-MOS devices on 200 mm Si wafers using the aspect-ratio-trapping technique. ECS Trans. 45, 115 (2012).
Google Scholar
Wen, P. et al. Waveguide coupled III-V photodiodes monolithically integrated on Si. Nat. Commun. 13, 909 (2022).
Google Scholar
Han, Y. et al. Selective lateral epitaxy of dislocation-free InP on silicon-on-insulator. Appl. Phys. Lett. 114, 192105 (2019).
Google Scholar
Xue, Y. et al. High-speed and low dark current silicon-waveguide-coupled III-V photodetectors selectively grown on SOI. Optica 11, 1219–1226 (2022).
Google Scholar
Kunert, B. et al. III/V nano ridge structures for optical applications on patterned 300 mm silicon substrate. Appl. Phys. Lett. 109, 091101 (2016).
Google Scholar
Kunert, B. et al. Integration of III/V hetero-structures by selective area growth on Si for nano- and optoelectronics. ECS Trans. 75, 409 (2016).
Google Scholar
Kunert, B. et al. How to control defect formation in monolithic III/V hetero-epitaxy on (100) Si? A critical review on current approaches. Semicon. Sci. Technol. 33, 093002 (2018).
Google Scholar
Baryshnikova, M. et al. Nano-ridge engineering of GaSb for the integration of InAs/GaSb heterostructures on 300 mm (001) Si. Crystals 4, 330 (2020).
Google Scholar
Kunert, B. et al. Application of an Sb surfactant in InGaAs nano-ridge engineering on 300 mm silicon substrates. Crystal Growth Design 21, 1657–1665 (2021).
Google Scholar
Van Thourhout, D. et al. Semiconductors and Semimetals Ch. 8 (Elsevier, 2019).
Mols, Y. et al. Structural analysis and resistivity measurements of InAs and GaSb fins on 300 mm Si for vertical (T)FET. J. Appl. Phys. 125, 245107 (2019).
Shi, Y. et al. Optical pumped InGaAs/GaAs nano-ridge laser epitaxially grown on a standard 300-mm Si wafer. Optica 12, 1468–1473 (2017).
Google Scholar
Vais, A. et al. First demonstration of III-V HBTs on 300 mm Si substrates using nano-ridge engineering. In Proc. International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM) 9.1.1–9.1.4 (IEEE, 2019).
Özdemir, C. I. et al. Low dark current and high responsivity 1020 nm InGaAs/GaAs nano-ridge waveguide photodetector monolithically integrated on a 300-mm Si wafer. J. Lightwav. Technol. 39, 5263–5269 (2021).
Google Scholar
Kazi, Z. I. et al. Realization of GaAs/AlGaAs lasers on Si substrates using epitaxial lateral overgrowth by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Jpn J. Appl. Phys. 40, 4903 (2001).
Google Scholar
Hasegawa, Y., Egawa, T., Jimbo, T. & Umeno, M. Influences of dark line defects on characteristics of AlGaAs/GaAs quantum well lasers grown on Si substrates. Jpn J. Appl. Phys. 34, 2994 (1995).
Google Scholar
Colucci, D. et al. Unique design approach to realize an O-band laser monolithically integrated on 300 mm Si substrate by nano-ridge engineering. Opt. Express 30, 13510–13521 (2022).
Google Scholar
Shi, Y. et al. Novel adiabatic coupler for III-V nano-ridge laser grown on a Si photonics platform. Opt. Express 27, 37781–37794 (2019).
Google Scholar
Kunert, B. et al. How to control defect formation in monolithic III/V heteroepitaxy on (100) Si? A critical review on current approaches. Semiconductor Sci. Technol. 33, 093002 (2018).
Google Scholar
Coldren, L. A. et al. Diode Lasers and Integrated Circuits (Wiley, 2012).
Strand, T. A. et al. Low regrowth-interface recombination rates in InGaAs-GaAs buried ridge lasers fabricated by in situ processing. Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 1966–1968 (1995).
Google Scholar
Tsvid, G. et al. Spontaneous radiative efficiency and gain characteristics of strained-layer InGaAs–GaAs quantum-well lasers. IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 44, 732–739 (2008).
Google Scholar
Haglund, E. et al. 25 Gbit/s transmission over 500 m multimode fibre using 850 nm VCSEL with integrated mode filter. Electron. Lett. 48, 517–519 (2012).
Google Scholar
Henry, C. H. Theory of the linewidth of semiconductor lasers. IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 18, 259–264 (1982).
Google Scholar
Zhao, Y. et al. Spontaneous emission factor for semiconductor superluminescent diodes. J. Appl. Phys. 85, 3945–3948 (1999).
Google Scholar
Hsieh, P.-Y. et al. Advanced current–voltage model of electrical contacts to GaAs-and Ge-based active silicon photonic devices. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 70, 4274–4279 (2023).
Google Scholar
Caer, C. GaAs nano-ridge laser diodes fully fabricated in a 300 mm CMOS pilot line. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13286360 (2024).
Lv, Z. et al. Ultra-high thermal stability InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers grown on on-axis Si (001) with a record-high continuous-wave operating temperature of 150 °C. Opt. Express 31, 24173–24182 (2023).
Google Scholar